Landmark Tax Bill Crosses the Finish Line
The following is from the American Horse Council:
Landmark Tax Bill Crosses the Finish Line
The Senate hustled early Wednesday morning, December 20 to pass the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 by a vote of 51-48. Although the House passed the bill Tuesday afternoon, congressional budget rules required the Senate to return the bill to the House for a revote on Wednesday to address technical changes. While details related to the 1100-page conference report on the final legislation continue to emerge, please see the below highlights that will have the most direct impact on the horse industry:
Business Provisions
- Corporate Taxes : The new tax law reduces the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and takes effect January 1. AHC members filing as “C corporations,” which are generally identified by the suffix, “Inc.,” will see an immediate reduction in their official, or statutory tax rate. AHC members filing as “C corporations” would include racetracks, makers of pharmaceuticals and agricultural equipment, and large breeding operations governed by officers and a board of directors, among others. While many policy experts believe that the new tax code will be easier to navigate from a business perspective, corporate taxpayers’ effective liability will vary to the extent they are able to utilize the new code’s remaining deductions, some of which are outlined below.
- Small Business, “Pass-Through” Deduction : The Tax Cut and Jobs Act establishes a 20% deduction for the first $315,000 of joint income, or $157,500 for individual filers, from “pass-through” entities such as partnerships, sole proprietorships and S corporations. This new provision could benefit small businesses that generally report incomes at or near the new threshold level. While various types of “pass-throughs” constitute the fastest growing segment of AHC members, they also include the majority of U.S. farms. According to Department of Agriculture data, 85% of domestic agriculture production comes from “pass through” entities.
- Bonus Depreciation of Equipment: The House and Senate conference report includes 100% bonus depreciation – an increase from the current 50% rate – through December 31, 2022, for property placed in service after September 27, 2017. Beginning in 2023, bonus depreciation is reduced from 100%, to 80% in 2024, then falls by 20% increments each year through 2026. Farm equipment used in a business operation, breeding stock and according to a preliminary reviews of the final language, race horses will benefit from the robust deduction.
- Losses at the Racetracks : The final law preserves the deduction of losses “sustained … on wagering transactions to the extent of the gains” realized “during the taxable year.” However, the law clarifies that the “limitation on losses from wagering transactions applies not only to the actual costs of the wages, but to other expenses incurred by the individual in connection with the conduct of that individual’s gambling activity.” For example, the law subjects the deduction for travel expenses to and from a racetrack to the cap established by the amount of the gains. Like many of the deductions in the bill, the provision sunsets after 2025.
- Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) – The new law repeals the corporate AMT, ending the need to calculate tax liability twice for a single filing.
Senate Unveils Tax Reform Details
The following is from the American Horse Council:
Senate Unveils Tax Reform Details, Doubles Estate Tax Exemption without Full Repeal
On the heels of the House of Representatives’ release of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1) last week, the Senate Finance Committee began to roll out details related to its tax reform bill on Thursday afternoon, not releasing text and an official revenue “score” until Thursday night. There are some major differences between the two bills that both chambers must reconcile prior to presenting legislation to the president’s desk for his signature. Notably for the equine and broader agriculture sectors, the senate plan would double the exemption for the estate tax without eliminating it altogether, as provided in H.R. 1. The Senate Finance Committee will begin to mark-up the legislation on Monday, November 13. Please see the below highlights, outlining some key provisions that will impact the equine industry:
Business Provisions
- Corporate Tax Rate: The senate bill delays reduction of the corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 20 percent until 2019. By contrast, H.R. 1 provides an immediate corporate tax cut, effective in 2018.
- Expensing: The senate bill provides “100% bonus depreciation within five years,” which is similar to a provision in H.R. 1.
- Business Interest: The plan states that small businesses will be able to deduct interest on loans intended to finance the growth of operations and inventory.
- Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) – Like H.R. 1, the senate bill eliminates the unpopular AMT, which doubles the amount of time taxpayers must spend to calculate their business or individual tax liability within any given year.